Flies Control At Home, Hotel, Hospital and Other Industry with Pestlogic India 9877941672
Pestlogic India
pestlogicindia@gmail.com
9877941672
pestlogicindia@gmail.com
9877941672
Methods of killing flies directly
The methods that can be used to kill flies directly can be classified as physical or
chemical. They are presented below roughly in order of increasing complexity to the user.
chemical. They are presented below roughly in order of increasing complexity to the user.
Physical methods
Physical control methods are easy to use and avoid the problem of insecticide
resistance, but they are not very effective when fly densities are high. They are particularly suitable for small-scale use in hospitals, offices, hotels, supermarkets
and other shops selling meat, vegetables and fruits.
resistance, but they are not very effective when fly densities are high. They are particularly suitable for small-scale use in hospitals, offices, hotels, supermarkets
and other shops selling meat, vegetables and fruits.
Fly traps
Large numbers of flies can be caught with fly traps. An attractive breeding and
feeding place is provided in a darkened container. When they try to leave, the flies
are caught in a sunlit gauze trap covering the opening of the container. This
method is suitable only for use out of doors.
One model consists of a plastic container or tin for the bait, a wooden or plastic
cover with a small opening, and a gauze cage resting on the cover. A space of
0.5cm between the cage and the cover allows flies to crawl to the opening.
feeding place is provided in a darkened container. When they try to leave, the flies
are caught in a sunlit gauze trap covering the opening of the container. This
method is suitable only for use out of doors.
One model consists of a plastic container or tin for the bait, a wooden or plastic
cover with a small opening, and a gauze cage resting on the cover. A space of
0.5cm between the cage and the cover allows flies to crawl to the opening.
The container should be half-filled with bait, which should be loose in texture
and moist. There should be no water lying at the bottom. Decomposing moist
waste from kitchens is suitable, such as green vegetables and cereals and overripe fruits. Chunks of decomposing meat or fish can be added. Where evaporation is rapid the bait has to be moistened on alternate days. Other suitable baits are described .
After seven days the bait will contain a large number of maggots and needs to
be destroyed and replaced. Flies entering the cage soon die and gradually fill it
until the apex is reached and the cage has to be emptied. The trap should be placed in the open air in bright sunlight, away from shadows of trees.
and moist. There should be no water lying at the bottom. Decomposing moist
waste from kitchens is suitable, such as green vegetables and cereals and overripe fruits. Chunks of decomposing meat or fish can be added. Where evaporation is rapid the bait has to be moistened on alternate days. Other suitable baits are described .
After seven days the bait will contain a large number of maggots and needs to
be destroyed and replaced. Flies entering the cage soon die and gradually fill it
until the apex is reached and the cage has to be emptied. The trap should be placed in the open air in bright sunlight, away from shadows of trees.
Sticky tapes
Commercially available sticky tapes, suspended from ceilings, attract flies because of their sugar content. Flies landing on the tapes are trapped in a glue. The tapes last for several weeks if not fully covered by dust or trapped flies.
Light trap with electrocutor
Flies attracted to the light are killed on contact with an electrocuting grid that
covers it . Blue and ultraviolet light attracts blowflies but is not very effective against houseflies. The method should be tested under local conditions before an investment is made. It is sometimes used in hospital kitchens and
restaurants.
Chemical methods
covers it . Blue and ultraviolet light attracts blowflies but is not very effective against houseflies. The method should be tested under local conditions before an investment is made. It is sometimes used in hospital kitchens and
restaurants.
Chemical methods
Control with insecticides should be undertaken only for a short period when
absolutely necessary because flies develop resistance very rapidly. The application
of effective insecticides can temporarily lead to very quick control, which is
essential during outbreaks of cholera, dysentery or trachoma.
absolutely necessary because flies develop resistance very rapidly. The application
of effective insecticides can temporarily lead to very quick control, which is
essential during outbreaks of cholera, dysentery or trachoma.
Dichlorvos vaporizer
Insecticide vaporizers such as strips of absorbent material impregnated with
dichlorvos are commercially available (Fig. 6.15). They release dichlorvos slowly
over a period of up to three months provided that ventilation is limited. Most strips are made to treat rooms of 15–30m3.
This method is effective only in places with little ventilation. There is a possible
danger of some toxic effects in humans and the method should not be used in
rooms where infants or old people are sleeping.
dichlorvos are commercially available (Fig. 6.15). They release dichlorvos slowly
over a period of up to three months provided that ventilation is limited. Most strips are made to treat rooms of 15–30m3.
This method is effective only in places with little ventilation. There is a possible
danger of some toxic effects in humans and the method should not be used in
rooms where infants or old people are sleeping.
Introduction of toxic materials to resting sites
The idea of providing toxic resting sites for flies is based on the observation that
houseflies prefer to rest at night on edges, strings, wires, ceilings and so on.
Materials that can be impregnated with insecticide include bednets, curtains,
cotton cords, cloth or gauze bands and strong paper strips. The strips can be
effective for many weeks in both tropical and temperate areas. This method is
cheap, has a long residual effect and is less likely to provoke insecticide resistance than are residual sprays. However, it does not work in rooms with an air draught under the ceiling, which is the case in many ventilated rooms and stables.
Fly numbers are initially reduced rather slowly and other chemical methods may be more effective in giving immediate results.
houseflies prefer to rest at night on edges, strings, wires, ceilings and so on.
Materials that can be impregnated with insecticide include bednets, curtains,
cotton cords, cloth or gauze bands and strong paper strips. The strips can be
effective for many weeks in both tropical and temperate areas. This method is
cheap, has a long residual effect and is less likely to provoke insecticide resistance than are residual sprays. However, it does not work in rooms with an air draught under the ceiling, which is the case in many ventilated rooms and stables.
Fly numbers are initially reduced rather slowly and other chemical methods may be more effective in giving immediate results.
Application
The materials are dipped in a diluted emulsion of insecticide, possibly with some sugar, glycerol or other attractant and glue or oil for making a durable film. After dipping, the liquid is allowed to drip off and the strips to dry. An old method
makes use of bunches of twigs soaked in a toxic solution.
In the 1950s, a cheap but very toxic insecticide, parathion, was used commer-
cially to treat bands or cords. Safer for humans and therefore preferred today are
organophosphorus compounds such as diazinon, fenchlorphos, malathion,
fenthion, dimethoate and trichlorfon; carbamates such as propoxur and dimetilan; and pyrethroids such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and cyfluthrin.
When preparing the materials it should be borne in mind that high concentra-
tions of insecticide may be repellent or irritant to flies. Lower concentrations may
therefore be more effective. The attractance or repellency of several dosages can be tested under field conditions. A solution strength of 1–10% usually gives good results with organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides.
makes use of bunches of twigs soaked in a toxic solution.
In the 1950s, a cheap but very toxic insecticide, parathion, was used commer-
cially to treat bands or cords. Safer for humans and therefore preferred today are
organophosphorus compounds such as diazinon, fenchlorphos, malathion,
fenthion, dimethoate and trichlorfon; carbamates such as propoxur and dimetilan; and pyrethroids such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and cyfluthrin.
When preparing the materials it should be borne in mind that high concentra-
tions of insecticide may be repellent or irritant to flies. Lower concentrations may
therefore be more effective. The attractance or repellency of several dosages can be tested under field conditions. A solution strength of 1–10% usually gives good results with organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides.
The impregnated materials are suspended under the ceiling or other fly-
infected place at the rate of about 1 metre per square metre of floor area.
infected place at the rate of about 1 metre per square metre of floor area.
Vertical parts or loops are more attractive to flies than horizontal ones, and red or dark colours are better than light ones. The materials can be attached by stapling and pinning or can be suspended from a horizontal line stretched along the ceiling
(Fig. 6.16).
(Fig. 6.16).
The cords or bands can also be stretched on frames which can then be moved
as required. The strips may be used in animal sheds, poultry farms, markets,
shops, restaurants and any other fly-infested area.
as required. The strips may be used in animal sheds, poultry farms, markets,
shops, restaurants and any other fly-infested area.
Traditional toxic baits made use of sugar and water or other fly-attracting liquids
containing strong poisons such as sodium arsenite. Milk or sweet liquids with 1–2% formaldehyde can still be recommended for killing flies. Improvements be-came possible with the development of organophosphorus and carbamate compounds that are highly toxic to flies but relatively safe to humans and other mammals.
containing strong poisons such as sodium arsenite. Milk or sweet liquids with 1–2% formaldehyde can still be recommended for killing flies. Improvements be-came possible with the development of organophosphorus and carbamate compounds that are highly toxic to flies but relatively safe to humans and other mammals.
Insecticides used in toxic baits for fly control
Insecticide Dry Liquid Liquid Viscous
scatter sprinkle dispenser paint-on
Organophosphorus compounds
dichlorvosa +b + +b + +
dimethoatea + ++
trichlorfona ++ ++ ++ ++
azamethiphos + ++
diazinon ++ + +
fenchlorvos ++ +
malathion ++ +
naled ++ +
propetamphos + +
Carbamates
bendiocarb ++ +
dimetilana + ++ +
methomylc + +
propoxur ++ +
formaldehydea +
scatter sprinkle dispenser paint-on
Organophosphorus compounds
dichlorvosa +b + +b + +
dimethoatea + ++
trichlorfona ++ ++ ++ ++
azamethiphos + ++
diazinon ++ + +
fenchlorvos ++ +
malathion ++ +
naled ++ +
propetamphos + +
Carbamates
bendiocarb ++ +
dimetilana + ++ +
methomylc + +
propoxur ++ +
formaldehydea +
a Aqueous suspension.
b + or + + indicates insecticides that are most suitable or have been most widely used for the particular type of
application.
application.
c Can also be used in the form of granules stuck on strips or boards.
The power of a bait depends on (a) the natural attractants to which the flies are
adapted and (b) the degree of competition from other attractants (food). As a rule,
baits do not attract flies at a distance. However, special attractants, other than
sugar, may greatly increase the effect of baits to a radius of a few metres. These
attractants include fermented yeast or animal protein (e.g. whole egg), ammonium
carbonate, syrups and malt. A commercially available synthetic fly attractant, SFA,
has proved to be very effective in poultry farms in certain areas. It consists of 88%
commercial fish-meal, 5% ammonium sulfate, 5% trimethylamine hydrochloride,
1% linoleic acid and 1% indole. The attractants are slowly released when the bait is moistened. Another commercially available attractant is the fly pheromone
muscalure which may attract flies up to three weeks after application.
The power of a bait depends on (a) the natural attractants to which the flies are
adapted and (b) the degree of competition from other attractants (food). As a rule,
baits do not attract flies at a distance. However, special attractants, other than
sugar, may greatly increase the effect of baits to a radius of a few metres. These
attractants include fermented yeast or animal protein (e.g. whole egg), ammonium
carbonate, syrups and malt. A commercially available synthetic fly attractant, SFA,
has proved to be very effective in poultry farms in certain areas. It consists of 88%
commercial fish-meal, 5% ammonium sulfate, 5% trimethylamine hydrochloride,
1% linoleic acid and 1% indole. The attractants are slowly released when the bait is moistened. Another commercially available attractant is the fly pheromone
muscalure which may attract flies up to three weeks after application.
Advantages
The various types of bait are cheap and easy to use. The control of flies is effective in places with moderate availability of fly breeding sites. The scattering or sprin-kling of certain types of bait can cause marked reductions in fly densities within a few hours. Such applications have to be repeated up to six times a week for good control. Liquid bait dispensers and stations (trays) for dry baits may continue to be effective for a week or two. The paint-on bait is the most convenient: it can be applied easily on both horizontal and vertical fly-resting surfaces and can have a long residual effect. Flies are less likely to develop resistance to toxic baits than to residual sprays. Even flies that have developed resistance to an insecticide applied on a surface may still be killed by it in a bait formulation.
Disadvantages
Baits that are sprinkled or scattered require frequent application. Liquid baits
must be placed out of reach of children and animals.
must be placed out of reach of children and animals.
Types of bait
Dry scatter baits
These contain 0.1–2% of insecticide in a carrier, which may be plain granular
sugar or sugar plus sand, ground corncobs, oyster shells, etc. Another attractant may be added. The bait should be scattered in thin layers of 60–250g per 100m2 on resting places such as floors. It can also be placed in special bait stations: trays or containers made of metal, wood, cardboard, etc. It is most effective if there are suitable surfaces where it can be applied.
sugar or sugar plus sand, ground corncobs, oyster shells, etc. Another attractant may be added. The bait should be scattered in thin layers of 60–250g per 100m2 on resting places such as floors. It can also be placed in special bait stations: trays or containers made of metal, wood, cardboard, etc. It is most effective if there are suitable surfaces where it can be applied.
Liquid sprinkle baits
These contain insecticide (0.1–0.2%) and sugar or other sweetening agents (e.g.
10%) in water. The liquid is applied by a sprinkling can or a sprayer to floors in
places where there are no children or animals, as well as to other suitable horizon-tal or vertical surfaces, out of reach of animals and children.
10%) in water. The liquid is applied by a sprinkling can or a sprayer to floors in
places where there are no children or animals, as well as to other suitable horizon-tal or vertical surfaces, out of reach of animals and children.
Liquid bait dispensers
These hold formulations similar to the liquid sprinkle baits and consist of a
container, inverted jar or bottle feeding trough, and a sponge or wick with the
liquid (Fig. 6.17). Alternatively, mats or balls of absorbent material may be
impregnated with insecticide and moistened for use.
container, inverted jar or bottle feeding trough, and a sponge or wick with the
liquid (Fig. 6.17). Alternatively, mats or balls of absorbent material may be
impregnated with insecticide and moistened for use.
Viscous paint-on baits
These are composed of an insecticide (2–6%), a binder and sugar (or just insecti-cide in syrup or molasses) to form a paint that can be applied with a brush to
partitions, walls, posts, window areas and ceilings or to strips, plates, etc., which
are suspended or otherwise fastened where there are concentrations of flies (Fig.
6.18). The bait sticks to the surface and may be active for weeks or months.
Trichlorfon is a commonly used insecticide for this type of application. Flies that are not killed on contact with the treated surface may be killed through feeding on the bait.
partitions, walls, posts, window areas and ceilings or to strips, plates, etc., which
are suspended or otherwise fastened where there are concentrations of flies (Fig.
6.18). The bait sticks to the surface and may be active for weeks or months.
Trichlorfon is a commonly used insecticide for this type of application. Flies that are not killed on contact with the treated surface may be killed through feeding on the bait.
Treatment of resting sites with residual insecticides
Surfaces on which flies rest can be sprayed with a long-lasting .This method has both an immediate and a long-term effect. Depend-ing on the insecticide, the wall surface material, temperature, humidity, exposure to sunlight and the level of resistance in the flies, residual effectiveness can last from several days to a period of weeks. It is important to know where the flies
spend most of their time at night. Only surfaces that have been observed to be used as resting sites should be sprayed. Residual spraying is mainly carried out in animalunits on farms.
spend most of their time at night. Only surfaces that have been observed to be used as resting sites should be sprayed. Residual spraying is mainly carried out in animalunits on farms.
Disadvantages
The selection of an insecticide is difficult because the results given by a particular
compound are likely to be good in one area and disappointing in another. The risk of resistance developing in flies is greater with residual sprays than with other chemical treatments used against adult flies.
compound are likely to be good in one area and disappointing in another. The risk of resistance developing in flies is greater with residual sprays than with other chemical treatments used against adult flies.
Insecticides
Table 6.2 indicates a number of insecticides and recommended application rates for residual spraying. Prior to selection it is best to consult an expert in pest control.
Applications are made with hand-operated sprayers (Chapter 9) or power-
operated sprayers at low pressure to avoid the insecticide particles drifting
away.
operated sprayers at low pressure to avoid the insecticide particles drifting
away.
Space-spraying
Flies can be quickly knocked down and killed by mists or aerosols of insecticide
solutions or emulsions. The treatment is carried out by spraying with pressurized
aerosol spray cans, hand-operated sprayers or small portable power-operated sprayers. The principle is to fill a space with a mist of small droplets that are picked.
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solutions or emulsions. The treatment is carried out by spraying with pressurized
aerosol spray cans, hand-operated sprayers or small portable power-operated sprayers. The principle is to fill a space with a mist of small droplets that are picked.
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09877941672
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